Deadlock in Morocco and the European Union on Readmission and Alternative Forms of Cooperation
Deadlock in Morocco and the European Union on Readmission and Alternative Forms of Cooperation

Morocco occupies a strategic position south of the Strait of Gibraltar, at the crossroads of migratory routes between sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. This geographical location confers upon Morocco both a pivotal role in migration flows and significant political leverage in its negotiations with the EU. Consequently, Rabat claims a differentiated treatment compared with other African states. Since 2000, the European Union (EU) has aimed to establish a readmission agreement with Morocco[1]. Such an agreement would facilitate the return of both Moroccan nationals and third-country nationals (TCNs) transiting through Moroccan territory who are deemed undesirable within the EU. After more than twenty years of negotiations, no agreement…

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MoroccoInside GAPsAMI
Challenges of the Decision to Return to the (New Syria) among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Challenges of the Decision to Return to the (New Syria) among Syrian Refugees in Jordan

The fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime on December 8, 2024, and the rise of Ahmad al-Sharaa to power created an important opportunity for refugees to return to their country, and the hopes of some Syrian refugees to fulfill. However, United Nations indicates that the number of those who returned does not exceed 65,000 out of 650,000 refugees data . Opinion polls confirmed that 72% of refugees do not consider returning under the current circumstances, which necessitates understanding the underlying reasons for this. This piece aims to identify the real reasons that prevent Syrian refugees from returning to their country after the political system change and the emergence of a new political authority…

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JordanInside GAPsHashemite University
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency, a Main Actor of the Return Policy
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency, a Main Actor of the Return Policy

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency, commonly referred to as “Frontex” and hereinafter “the Agency” was created in October 2004 by Council Regulation (EC) n°2007/2004 to assist European Union Member States in managing and controlling their external borders. It is located in the capital of Poland Warsaw and constitutes one of over 35 decentralized agencies in the EU. But if there is one agency that has witnessed a steady growth in powers, size and funding, it is absolutely Frontex. It becomes as Idil ATAK consider “a real legal monster” in the area of Freedom, Security and Justice of the European Union. Indeed, since taking up its responsibilities on May 1, 2005, the Agency founding regulation has been amended four times…

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TunisiaInside GAPsUniversity of Sousse
From Displacement to Return: How SRAD Shaped Jordan’s Refugee Policy and Syrians’ Path Home
From Displacement to Return: How SRAD Shaped Jordan’s Refugee Policy and Syrians’ Path Home

In a world where more than half of the Syrian refugees are denied the most basic means of employment, Jordan pioneered a new approach. Instead of leaving the Syrian refugees in perpetual waiting, the country undertook a carefully planned approach: to empower Syrians during their displacement so that they would one day be able to return to Syria not as victims, but as skilled and self-reliant assets. Unlike other host countries that have struggled to integrate Syrian refugees into their formal labor market (or completely omit them)-Jordan took steps in the right direction early on. Jordan provided access to work permits to the Syrians, removed the fees levied on the permits, and provided vocational training and skills development opportunities…

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JordanInside GAPsHashemite University
Defensiveness, Distrust, and Ethics in Return and Reintegration Research in Nigeria
Defensiveness, Distrust, and Ethics in Return and Reintegration Research in Nigeria

The burgeoning field of return and reintegration in Nigeria, a critical area for addressing the complex realities of migration, is unfortunately riddled with a deeply ingrained culture of defensiveness, distrust, and even outright rivalry among its key stakeholders. This pervasive atmosphere not only presents significant methodological hurdles for researchers striving to understand the nuances of this intricate process but also plunges them into a precarious ethical landscape. Navigating these morally ambiguous situations is paramount, as the outcomes ultimately impact the very individuals – return migrants – whom the sector aims to assist. This blog post sheds light on these…

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NigeriaInside GAPsUniversity of Nigeria
Rethinking the Future of Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Challenges, Support, and Strategic Choices
Rethinking the Future of Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Challenges, Support, and Strategic Choices

Jordan, throughout its modern history, has dealt with large waves of refugees, making it one of the countries hosting the highest percentage of refugees relative to its population. The kingdom hosts around 1.3 million Syrian citizens, including more than 671,000 registered refugees with the United Nations. Only about 10% of these refugees live in refugee camps, while the rest are spread across local communities, leading to increasing negative repercussions amid the ongoing Syrian crisis. Jordan, under its Hashemite leadership, provided assistance to refugees based on deep-rooted humanitarian, moral, and national values. However, the kingdom emphasizes…

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JordanInside GAPsHashemite University